Then, we evaluated their association with disease activity by comparing them with biochemical, immunological, and pathological results in AILD subjects. In the present study, we analyzed the incidence of enlarged lymph nodes in CTD, viral hepatitis, and AILD. We speculated that lymphoid hyperplasia was the response of an altered immune system to an undefined antigenic stimulus. In addition, the association between the enlargement of lymph nodes and AILD activity is still unclear. However, the characteristics of enlarged lymph nodes in CTD, CHC, and AILD have not been studied. Researchers also found that enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) subjects are associated with serum parameters of viremia, a high frequency of serum CD8 levels, and severe histological damage. Furthermore, it has been reported that enlarged lymph nodes are associated with disease activity in CTD. Patients with CTD can have positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and increased IgG levels, which can also be found in AILD patients. CTD comprises a group of immune system diseases involving the connective tissues of the body. The existing research shows that the enlargement of lymph nodes in multiple parts of the body is a shared clinical manifestation in connective tissue diseases (CTD). In addition, a higher incidence of enlarged abdominal lymph nodes in PBC (74–100%) and AIH (13–73%) has been reported. Enlarged abdominal lymph nodes are a common finding in patients with chronic active hepatitis, especially in those caused by autoimmune or viral infection. Inflammatory response in organs usually leads to hyperplasia of regional lymph nodes. At present, AILD remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to the lower incidence of disease and heterogeneous subtypes. The categories of AILD include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerotic cholangitis (PSC), and overlap syndrome. IntroductionĪutoimmune liver disease (AILD) is a common cause of chronic hepatitis that leads to liver cirrhosis due to occult onset. Therefore, the enlargement of lymph nodes can represent a noninvasive indicator of histological and biochemical inflammation activity in AILD. The percentage of abdominal lymph node enlargement in AILD subjects was significantly higher than that in CTD subjects. As shown by multivariate logistic regression analysis, interface hepatitis (, ), cholestasis (, ), and focal necrosis (, ) were related to LA. The pathological characteristics of inflammation, cholestasis, and focal necrosis were more common in the LA group than in the NLA group ( ). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutamate transpeptidase (GGT), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were significantly increased in AILD patients with lymphadenectasis (LA) in contrast to patients without lymphadenectasis (NLA) ( ). Enlargement of abdominal lymph nodes was found in 69.6% of patients with AILD, 63% of patients with viral hepatitis, 29.6% of patients with CTD, and 2% of healthy controls. The pathological and laboratory results of 106 AILD patients were collected to analyze the association between lymphadenectasis and disease activity. The characteristics of abdominal lymph nodes, including their morphology and distribution, were assessed by ultrasonography and computed tomography in 125 patients with AILD, 54 with viral hepatitis, 135 with CTD, and 80 healthy controls. Moreover, we identified the clinical significance of abdominal lymph node enlargement in AILD. In this research, we evaluated the incidence of enlarged lymph nodes in autoimmune liver diseases (AILD). The enlargement of lymph nodes is a common clinical sign in connective tissue disease (CTD) and viral hepatitis.
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